1. Overview
   Electromagnetic catapult accelerates an object by using the electromagnetic thrust generated based on the principle of electromagnetic interaction. Since the electromagnetic driving force is proportional to the square of the current, as long as sufficient current input is ensured, a large enough thrust can be generated within the launching device to make the object reach a higher speed.
2. Main Technical Parameters:

Overall Framework of the Technical Scheme

Power Supply System: As the energy source of the electromagnetic catapult system, the design of the power supply system is of vital importance. It needs to have the ability to provide instant high-energy output to meet the huge demand for electric energy during the electromagnetic catapult process. This scheme considers the combination of supercapacitors and high-power converters. Supercapacitors have the characteristics of high power density and fast charging and discharging, and can release a large amount of electric energy in a short time, providing strong power support for electromagnetic catapult. The high-power converter is responsible for converting and regulating the input electric energy to make it meet the working requirements of the linear motor, ensuring the stability and reliability of the power output.
Linear Motor: The linear motor is the core executing component of the electromagnetic catapult system, and its performance directly affects the catapult effect. The linear motor designed in this scheme adopts a bilateral structure, which has a high electromagnetic force density and operating efficiency. By reasonably designing parameters such as the shape of the magnetic poles, the distribution of the windings, and the core material of the motor, the electromagnetic performance of the motor is optimized, and the utilization rate of the electromagnetic force is improved to achieve the efficient acceleration of a 30kg high-speed rail model. At the same time, during the manufacturing process of the linear motor, the machining accuracy and assembly quality are strictly controlled to ensure the stable and reliable performance of the motor.
Control System: The control system is the brain of the entire electromagnetic catapult system, responsible for precisely controlling and monitoring the catapult process. It is mainly composed of a controller, sensors, and actuators. The controller uses advanced digital signal processors (DSP) or programmable logic controllers (PLC). By writing corresponding control algorithms, it can achieve precise control of various stages of the linear motor, including starting, accelerating, decelerating, and stopping. The sensors are used to collect the running parameters of the high-speed rail model in real time, such as speed, position, current, and voltage, and feed these data back to the controller. According to the feedback data, the controller adjusts the control strategy in a timely manner to ensure that the high-speed rail model accelerates according to the predetermined trajectory and speed. The actuators adjust the working state of the linear motor according to the instructions of the controller to achieve precise control of the electromagnetic catapult process.
Sensor System: The sensor system plays a crucial role in the electromagnetic catapult system. It can obtain the running state information of the system in real time and provide accurate data support for the control system. This scheme selects various types of sensors, including speed sensors (such as optical encoders) for measuring the real-time speed of the high-speed rail model; position sensors (such as linear displacement sensors) for determining the position of the high-speed rail model on the track; current sensors and voltage sensors for monitoring the working current and voltage of the linear motor to detect the abnormal working state of the motor in a timely manner. In addition, temperature sensors are also equipped to monitor the temperature of key components such as the linear motor and the power supply system to prevent equipment damage caused by overheating.
Deceleration System: To ensure that the high-speed rail model can decelerate and stop safely and smoothly after reaching the target speed, a special deceleration system has been designed. The deceleration system adopts a combination of electromagnetic braking and mechanical braking. In the initial stage of deceleration, using the principle of electromagnetic braking, by passing a reverse current through the windings of the linear motor, an electromagnetic force opposite to the direction of motion is generated to make the high-speed rail model decelerate rapidly. When the speed drops to a certain level, the mechanical braking device is activated, such as the frictional braking between the brake pads and the brake disc, to further stop the high-speed rail model. By reasonably designing the switching time and braking force of electromagnetic braking and mechanical braking, the smoothness and reliability of the deceleration process are ensured, and damage to the high-speed rail model caused by too fast or too slow deceleration is avoided.
Train Model: The high-speed rail model is the object of action of the electromagnetic catapult system, and its structural design and strength calculation are directly related to the safety and reliability of the entire system. When designing the high-speed rail model, factors such as the strong acting force during the electromagnetic catapult process and the aerodynamic force during high-speed operation are fully considered. High-strength and lightweight materials, such as aluminum alloy or carbon fiber composite materials, are used to reduce the weight of the model and improve the catapult efficiency on the premise of ensuring the strength of the model. The strength of the structure of the high-speed rail model is calculated and optimized using finite element analysis software to ensure that the model can withstand various forces during the electromagnetic catapult process without structural deformation or damage.